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The guidance is intended to help the industry reduce losses, protect quality, and adapt traditional stockfish production

How to save your stockfish from frost damage

Click on the flag for more information about Norway NORWAY
Tuesday, January 27, 2026, 06:10 (GMT + 9)

New research shows a one-second salt bath can protect stockfish fillets from costly cold-weather defects

A brief dip in supersaturated brine just before hanging can significantly reduce the risk of frost damage to stockfish fillets during periods of cold weather. This is the conclusion of an FHF-funded research project carried out by Nofima, aimed at preventing a well-known quality defect in the industry referred to as “phosphoric.”

A cornerstone of Norwegian food history

The Norwegian stockfish industry is among the country’s oldest and most important food traditions. As early as the 9th century, stockfish was exported from Northern Norway to markets across Europe. Traditionally, the fish is hung outdoors—either as round fish (gutted and headed) or as fillets—and left to dry naturally.

Photo: visitnorway.com/FIS

The typical hanging season runs from February to April, with March representing the peak period for production.

Weather: the biggest quality risk

According to Svein Kristian Stormo, researcher at Nofima, traditional outdoor drying is highly vulnerable to weather fluctuations.

“Traditional outdoor drying is strongly influenced by natural variations in temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation. This results in major quality differences in the final product. Certain weather conditions—or combinations of them—can cause serious defects and significant financial losses,” Stormo explains.

One of the most damaging factors is cold early in the drying process. Based on industry experience and previous trials at Nofima, temperatures below –5 °C during the initial hanging period can lead to frost damage. The risk increases the longer the cold persists.

With more than two weeks at –6 °C, frost damage is considered very likely.

A simple, scalable solution

To address this challenge, researchers tested a remarkably simple preventive method.

“The fish fillet is dipped for one second in a concentrated salt bath before being hung on racks to dry,” says Svein Kristian Stormo. “The method is both simple and resource-efficient, and it should be easy to implement in a commercial setting.”

Two different pumps (250 W and 1000 W) are shown, which can be used to mix the brine. The larger pump (1000 W) is recommended if you wish to supersaturate the brine. The pump can be placed in a barrel with salt and water, but it is advantageous to fix it to the edge of the barrel (image on the right).

Food safety was a key consideration in the trials.

“We therefore used an oversaturated brine for the fillets. This requires a strong salt solution,” Stormo adds.

Climate change increases the urgency

The need for protective measures has grown due to climate change, which has led to longer periods of unstable and extreme winter weather.

“These findings are particularly important for the stockfish industry at a time when raw material prices are very high,” says Lorena Gallart Jornet, Head of Science at FHF. “The method works well for hanging fillets, but it does not have the same effect on round fish.”

Practical guidance for the industry

To support implementation, the researchers have developed a fact sheet for producers. It provides practical recommendations on:

  • The amount of salt required

  • Suitable pump types

  • Recommended procedures for applying the method in production

The guidance is intended to help the industry reduce losses, protect quality, and adapt traditional stockfish production to a changing climate—without compromising its centuries-old heritage.


 干しダラを霜害から守る方法

 

新たな研究により、1秒間の塩浴が寒冷による高コストな品質欠陥から干しダラのフィレを守ることが明らかに

吊るして乾燥させる直前に過飽和食塩水に短時間浸すことで、寒冷期における干しダラのフィレの霜害リスクを大幅に低減できることが分かりました。これは、**FHF(ノルウェー水産・水産養殖研究基金)**の資金提供を受け、**Nofima(ノフィマ)が実施した研究プロジェクトの成果で、業界で「フォスフォリック(phosphoric)」**と呼ばれる品質欠陥の防止を目的としています。

ノルウェー食文化の重要な柱

ノルウェーの干しダラ産業は、同国で最も古く、かつ重要な食文化の一つです。すでに9世紀には、ノルウェー北部からヨーロッパ各地へ干しダラが輸出されていました。伝統的に魚は屋外で、丸干し(内臓除去・頭部切除)、またはフィレの状態で吊るされ、自然乾燥されます。

吊るし乾燥の主な期間は2月から4月で、3月が最盛期です。

品質にとって最大のリスクは気象条件

**Nofimaの研究者であるスヴェイン・クリスティアン・ストルモ(Svein Kristian Stormo)**によると、伝統的な屋外乾燥は気象条件の変動に大きく左右されます。

「伝統的な屋外乾燥は、気温、湿度、風、降水量といった自然条件の変化に強く影響されます。その結果、最終製品の品質には大きなばらつきが生じます。特定の気象条件、あるいはその組み合わせによって、深刻な品質欠陥や大きな経済的損失が発生する可能性があります」とストルモ氏は説明します。

特に問題となるのは、乾燥初期段階での低温です。業界の経験やNofimaで行われた過去の試験によると、吊るし初期に**–5℃以下**の気温が続くと霜害が発生する可能性があり、寒冷期間が長くなるほどリスクは高まります。

–6℃で2週間以上続いた場合、霜害が発生する可能性は非常に高いとされています。

シンプルで導入しやすい解決策

この課題に対処するため、研究チームは非常にシンプルな予防方法を検証しました。

「魚のフィレを、乾燥用ラックに吊るす前に、1秒間だけ高濃度の塩水に浸します」とスヴェイン・クリスティアン・ストルモ氏は述べています。
「この方法は簡単で資源効率も高く、商業規模での導入にも支障はありません」

試験では、食品安全性も重要なポイントでした。

「そのため、フィレには過飽和の塩水を使用しました。非常に濃い塩分濃度が必要になります」と同氏は付け加えています。

気候変動が課題を深刻化

気候変動により、冬季の天候が不安定かつ極端になる期間が長くなり、この問題はさらに深刻化しています。

「原料価格がこれほど高騰している今、この研究成果は干しダラ産業にとって特に重要です」と、FHFの科学責任者であるロレナ・ガリャルト・ジョルネ(Lorena Gallart Jornet)氏は語ります。
「この方法は
フィレを吊るす場合
には効果的ですが、丸干しの魚には同様の効果は見られません」

業界向けの実践的ガイダンス

研究チームは、この知見を現場で活用できるよう、業界向けのファクトシートを作成しました。この資料には、以下に関する実践的な指針がまとめられています。

  • 必要な塩の量

  • 推奨されるポンプの種類

  • 生産工程で本手法を導入するための手順

このガイダンスは、損失の削減、品質の保護、そして数世紀にわたる伝統を損なうことなく、変化する気候に対応した干しダラ生産を支援することを目的としています。


 如何保护干鳕鱼免受霜冻损害


最新研究表明,仅需 1 秒的盐水浸泡即可有效防止寒冷天气造成的高成本质量缺陷

研究发现,在悬挂干燥前,将干鳕鱼鱼片短暂浸入过饱和盐水中,可显著降低寒冷天气期间发生霜冻损害的风险。这一结论来自由 **FHF(挪威水产与水产养殖研究基金)**资助、**Nofima(挪威食品、渔业与水产养殖研究机构)开展的一项研究项目,研究目标是防止业内称为“磷酸型缺陷(phosphoric)”**的质量问题。

挪威饮食文化的重要支柱

挪威干鳕鱼产业是该国最古老、也最重要的传统产业之一。早在9 世纪,干鳕鱼就已从挪威北部出口至欧洲各地。传统上,鱼类被悬挂在户外进行自然风干,形式包括整鱼(去内脏并去头)鱼片

通常的悬挂干燥季节为2 月至 4 月,其中3 月是生产高峰期。

天气是影响质量的最大风险因素

**Nofima 研究员斯韦因·克里斯蒂安·斯托尔莫(Svein Kristian Stormo)**指出,传统的户外干燥方式极易受到气候条件变化的影响。

“传统户外干燥在很大程度上受气温、湿度、风力和降水等自然因素的影响,这会导致最终产品质量存在显著差异。某些特定天气状况,或多种天气条件的叠加,可能引发严重的质量缺陷,并造成可观的经济损失。”

研究人员发现,干燥初期的低温尤为关键。根据行业经验及 Nofima 以往的试验结果,在悬挂初期若气温低于 –5°C,就可能发生霜冻损害,且寒冷持续时间越长,风险越高。

当气温在 –6°C 左右持续两周以上时,发生霜冻损害的可能性被认为非常高

简单且易于推广的解决方案

为应对这一问题,研究团队测试了一种极其简单的预防方法。

斯韦因·克里斯蒂安·斯托尔莫表示:“在将鱼片挂到干燥架之前,只需将其在高浓度盐水中浸泡1 秒钟。这种方法操作简单、资源利用效率高,在商业化生产中实施并不存在障碍。”

在实验过程中,食品安全同样是重要考量因素。

“因此,我们为鱼片使用了过饱和盐水,这需要非常高的盐浓度。”他补充道。

气候变化加剧了问题的紧迫性

由于气候变化,冬季天气变得更加多变且极端,寒冷与回暖交替出现的周期拉长,使这一问题愈发突出。

FHF 科学负责人洛雷娜·加利亚特·乔内特(Lorena Gallart Jornet)指出:“在当前原材料价格高企的背景下,这些研究成果对干鳕鱼产业尤为重要。该方法对悬挂鱼片效果显著,但对整鱼并不适用。”

面向行业的实用指南

为帮助行业实际应用这一新成果,研究人员编制了一份事实说明文件(Fact Sheet),为生产企业提供可操作的指导建议,内容包括:

  • 所需的盐用量

  • 推荐使用的泵类型

  • 在生产过程中实施该方法的操作流程

该指南旨在帮助行业减少损失、保障产品质量,并在不破坏数百年传统的前提下,使干鳕鱼生产更好地适应不断变化的气候条件。


 

editorial@seafood.media
www.seafood.media


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